Histone Modifications
Updated by Hongjiang on 09/17/2022
Epigenetics of Histone H2A H2B H4
Histones are components of eukaryotic chromosomes. A nucleosome consists of a histone octamer consisting of 2 H2A, 2 H2B, 2 H3, 2 H4 and 147bp of DNA wrapped around the outside.
There are many forms of histone termini modifications, including Acetylation(Ac), Methylation(Me), Phosphorylation(P), Ubiquitination(Ub), Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier(SUMO), ADP ribosylation, etc. All of which affect the transcriptional activity of genes. And histone H3 is the most modified one.
| Modifications | Sites |
|---|---|
| Ac | H3K9,H3K14,H2BK5,H2bK20 |
| Me1 | H3K4,H3K5,H3K27,H3K79,H3R17,H4R3,H4K20,H2BK5 |
| Me1 | H3R8 |
| Me2 | H3K79 |
| Me2 | H1K26,H3K5,H3K27 |
| Me3 | H3K4 |
| Me3 | H3K9,H3K27,H2BK5 |
| P | H1S27,H3T3,H3S10,H4S1 |
| Ub | H2BK6,H2BK7(in yeast) |
| SUMO | H2BK123(in yeast) |